What the law gives you
The EU procurement directives, transposed in Spain by the Ley de Contratos del Sector Público, require equal treatment and non-discrimination between bidders from member states. Requiring national establishment as a condition to bid is not permitted.
What actually stops companies
- Registration in ROLECE (Registro Oficial de Licitadores) is not mandatory for foreign EU bidders but is often the smoothest path; without it you supply the equivalent evidence document by document.
- The electronic signature must be one the Spanish platform accepts. A Portuguese qualified certificate is legally valid, but check acceptance before the deadline, not on the day.
- Technical documents are generally required in Spanish. Budget translation time into the bid schedule.
- Some sector-specific classifications (clasificación empresarial for certain works contracts) have their own equivalence route for foreign bidders.
The real barrier
In practice the binding constraint is not any of the above. It is that the notice is published in Spanish, on a platform the company does not monitor, and is found after the deadline.